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Business enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business enviroment - Essay Example The small scale level or the assignment condition comprise of the serious powers and the ecological v...

Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Study Guide Essay example - 790 Words

1. According to Zinn, what is his main purpose for writing A People’s History of the United States? Howard Zinn’s main purpose for writing A People’s History of the United States is to give history in an un-biased manner. For example, he says that he will not glorify any movement and denounce any ‘bad guy’ in history; he will give information as it should be given. Fairly. 2. What is Zinn’s thesis for pages 1-11? His thesis for the first eleven pages is to describe past events as they happened. Regarding Columbus, Zinn wouldn’t glorify him as a hero, because he wasn’t. He was violent and greedy and would describe him as such. 3. According to Zinn, how is Columbus portrayed in traditional history books? as an enlightened, peaceful†¦show more content†¦Some of the issues las Casas make public involved the brutality of the new, Spanish inhabitants. Las Casas noticed how little they cared for the life of the native people. For instance, las Casas wrote about two Spanish men who, after an encounter with a native, decapitated him for the ‘fun’ of it. 7. Identify one early and one subsequent motive that drove Columbus to oppress indigenous peoples. 8. What was the ultimate fate of the Arawak Indians? Throughout history the Arawak where subject to many hostile take-overs, diseases, enslavement, damage to food supplies and much more. Inevitably, by the end of the 16th century the Island Arawak had become extinct. 9. What was the significance of Quetzalcoatl? Among other things he was a God who was supposed to come back in human form to his followers. This legend made some of the locals welcome the spaniards with open arms at first because they thought that they were Gods. This gave them a span of time to get a good foothold in the new world. 10. Compare the strategies and motives underlying the conquest of the Aztecs by Cortez and the conquest of the Incas by Pizzaro. 11. What were the major causes of war between the Powhatans and the English settlers? Powhatan wanted the english to leave his country and not infringe on the territory claimed by his tribe. The main cause of the conflict would be the dispute over land and the way the english would kill and enslave the theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Importance of Heritage in Everyday Use829 Words   |  4 PagesAnswers. ENotes - Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. http://www.enotes.com/everyday-use/q-and-a/what-theme-everyday-use-how-that-theme-2192. SparkNotes: Everyday Use: Analysis of Major Characters. SparkNotes: Todays Most Popular Study Guides. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. http://www.sparknotes.com/short-stories/everyday-use/canalysis.html. SparkNotes: Everyday Use: Themes, Motifs, and Symbols. SparkNotes: Todays Most Popular Study Guides. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. http://wwwRead MoreTuck Everlasting1373 Words   |  6 PagesMaterials Needed 1) Novel 2) Vocabulary journals 3) Writing journals 4) Paper 5) Pencil 6) Study guide questions 7) Dictionaries Day one: Monday-Prologue-chapter 5 *Start the lesson with asking the students to write a pro and con list about living forever? Would they want to live forever why or why not? * Have students fill out the anticipatory guide activity *give students the list of vocabulary words from prologue to chapter 5 *Before the students look up theRead MoreStudy Guide1489 Words   |  6 PagesEN1320 Composition I SYLLABUS AND STUDY GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS SYLLABUS.......................................................................................................................................................................1 Course Summary........................................................................................................................................................2 Learning Materials and References ..............................................Read MoreStudy Guide760 Words   |  4 PagesStudy guide for Microbiology Chapter 2 Name________________ 1. List and describe the sequence steps routinely used to identify bacteria. These are referred to as the â€Å"five I’s† in your text. 2. Define / describe each of the following as they apply to microbiology: a. Culture f. pure culture b. Inoculum g. contaminated culture c. Inoculation h. mixed culture d. Colony 3. Microbiologists employee a number of approached to acquiring a pure cultureRead MoreStudy Guide2675 Words   |  11 PagesLAW/421 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide will prepare you for the Final Examination you will complete in Week Five. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. In addition, refer to each week’s readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination. Week One: Introduction to Law Objective: Define the functions of law in society. 1. Precedent evolves from a. state and federal constitutions b. state and federalRead MoreStudy Guide2309 Words   |  10 PagesMGT 443 FIRST EXAM STUDY GUIDE Chapter 1 QUIZ 1) Which of the following is NOT one of the processes included in operations management? o Finance 2) Structural operations management decisions include: o Capacity, facilities, and technology 3) Physical goods can be differentiated from services in the operations management process by: o Longer lead times and they can be inventoried 4) Which of the following functions would not have to think about â€Å"processes†Read MoreStudy Guide1605 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Answer Key Top of Form Question 1 (Worth 5 points) Which of the following was evidence to support Vanzettis innocence during the Braintree robbery and double murder trial? No witness claimed to see Vanzetti during the shooting. Witnesses placed Vanzetti elsewhere during the crime. Vanzetti feared for his safety and that of his friends. Vanzettis gun had not been used in the shooting. Points earned on this question: 5 Question 2 (Worth 5 points) What was the significance ofRead MoreStudy Guide2481 Words   |  10 Pages MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which action demonstrates that the nurse understands the purpose of the Rapid Response Team? a. Monitoring the client for changes in postoperative status such as wound infection b. Documenting all changes observed in the client and maintaining a postoperative flow sheet c. Notifying the physician of the client’s change in blood pressure from 140 to 88 mm Hg systolic d. Notifying the physician of the client’s increase in restlessness after medication change ANS: C The RapidRead MoreStudy Guide7621 Words   |  31 Pagesorganizations within the modern and fast†paced business environment (Caldwell, Chatman, OReilly,1990). Human Resources specialists are more important in business strategies today where market is dynamic and changeable. 1.1. Objectives of the study To analyze HRM technique and methods To analyze how employees help a company in differentiating itself from its competitors To analyze how companies attract the best -knowledge workers and retain employees in a competitive environment To analyzeRead MoreStudy Guide2169 Words   |  9 Pages1. The form of organization for a business is not an important issue, as this decision has very little effect on the income and wealth of the firm s owners. B. False 2. The major advantage of a regular partnership or a corporation as a form of business organization is the fact that both offer their owners limited liability, whereas proprietorships do not. B. False 3. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A) One of the disadvantages of incorporating a business is that the owners then

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Revenue-Recognition Problems in the Communications...

9-107-025 REV: AUGUST 23, 2007 PAUL HEALY Revenue-Recognition Problems in the Communications Equipment Industry On November 21, 2000, Lucent Technologies announced that it was revising its fourth-quarter results as a result of revenue-recognition problems discovered by its auditors during the year-end financial review. The revision lowered revenues by $125 million and earnings per share by 2 cents from 18 cents. In response, Lucent’s stock price fell by 16%, to $17.56. One month later, on December 22, Lucent announced that after a more comprehensive review, revenues for the fourth quarter would need to be adjusted downward by $679 million, to $8.7 billion, and that earnings per share would be revised from the initially predicted 18†¦show more content†¦In October, Richard McGinn, its chairman and CEO, was replaced by former CEO Henry Schacht. Exhibit 2 shows key news events for Lucent during 2000. Lucent attributed the revenue revisions affecting fiscal 2000 (its fiscal year ended on September 30) to a variety of factors. The initial $125 million adjustment was due to â€Å"mi sleading documentation and incomplete communications between a sales team and the financial organization with respect to offering a customer credits in connection with a software license.†1 The company stated that the recorded sale did not meet its revenue-recognition rules. As a result, one employee was fired, and disciplinary action was taken against several others. In subsequent revisions announced on December 22, Lucent took back $452 million in equipment that had been sold to systems integrators and distributors but not been passed on to customers because of their weakened financial condition. Lucent noted that in â€Å"verbal agreements† it had agreed to take back the equipment, and it resolved to fulfill this commitment to preserve customer relationships. Also, the company discovered that sales teams had verbally offered credits to customers for use at a later date to help secure fourth-quarter sales. It decided to reflect the credits as expenses in the fourth qu arter, reducing revenues by $74 million. Finally, revenue had beenShow MoreRelatedRevenue Recognition Problems in the Communications Equipment Industry1322 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Financial Reporting and Analysis – ACG6175 Date: 5/18/09 Revenue Recognition Problems in the Communications Equipment Industry 1 – In late 2000, Lucent announced that revenues would be adjusted downwards by $679 million as a result of revenue recognition problems. Yet the firms market capitalization plummeted by $24.7 billion. Why do you think the market reacted so negatively to Lucents announcements of the problems? There is usually a grey zone between aggressive accounting, whichRead MoreRevenue-Recognition Problems in the Communications Equipment Industry2492 Words   |  10 PagesRevenue-Recognition Problems in the Communications Equipment Industry 1) In late 2000, Lucent announced that revenues would be adjusted downwards by $679m as a result of revenue recognition problems. Yet the firm’s market capitalization plummeted by $24.7bn. Why do you think the market reacted so negatively to Lucent’s announcements of the problems? The large drop in market capitalization is probably due to several factors. Historically, Lucent had successfully met analysts’ projections forRead MoreLucent Case Q3 Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagesfirm is likely to face revenue recognition problems? Revenue recognition issues are the subjects of headlines in our daily newspapers, primarily because major corporations have recognized revenues that did not meet its revenue recognition rule. For businesses that use cash basis accounting, revenue recognition is a simple process; a sale equals revenue, but not for companies that use accrual basis accounting.   The more complex the business, the more specialized the industry, the more difficult theRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Cisco Systems3825 Words   |  16 PagesSystems (2005 – 2007) Document Owner(s) Elvira Solanes, Keith Allen, Sachin Yadav,Vijay Shankar, Xiaochen Wu Table of Contents Introduction 3 Company Overview 3 Financial Summary 3 Product Lines 4 Routing 4 Switching 4 Enterprise IP Communications 5 Security 5 Home Networking 5 Optical Networking 5 Storage Area Netwroking 5 Wieless Technology 5 Social Responsibility 5 Corporate Governance 6 Reporting Strategy 6 Organization Structure 6 Operating Environment 7 Risks 8 LegalRead MoreSwot Analysis : Microsoft Software1270 Words   |  6 Pagesequipped with 3D printers to produce prototypes very popular. Microsoft launched new products that their rivals can’t keep up with it. In 2004, Microsoft expressed their goals in the entertainment industry with the launch of version of Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005, suitable for many types of equipment. Subsequently, on May 5th, 2005 Microsoft launched Windows Mobile 5.0, the latest operating system for handheld devices. It was designed for next-generation smart phones, PDAs (Personal DigitalRead MoreCompanies : Profit And Nonprofit Organizations1088 Words   |  5 Pagescompanies want to survive. Small companies to huge companies all have to fight to extend their life cycles. A company’s longevity can reside solely on their ability to manage their assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. If a company can control and understand their assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses than they are able to produce data statements like balance sheets and income statements. Assets is a company’s best friend, they provide the stability and resources needed to keep a businessRead More Krispy Kreme Essay examples1635 Words   |  7 Pagesbrand of high quality doughnuts, is still in a stage of astonishing growth potential. According to Dain Rauscher Wessels equity analyst David Geraty, â€Å"Krispy Kreme has established itself as the quality leader in the doughnut industry and is positioned to become the dominant industry player, with 145 retail locations in 27 states, Krispy Kreme is expected to capitalize on the brand conscious consumer’s demand for a consistent, high quality specialty food product† (Minneapolis 2000). Krispy Kreme has quicklyRead MoreCampbell Soup Company1615 Words   |  7 PagesCompany 20041794 í•Å"ìŠ ¹Ã« ¯ ¼ 20050254 ì  ´Ã­â€¢ ´Ã¬ £ ¼ 20061941 ê ¹â‚¬Ã¬  ¼Ã­Å¡Å' 20071546 ê ¹â‚¬Ã­Ëœâ€žÃ¬ §â‚¬ Contents 1. Company overview 2. Case introduction 3. Plastigon developing process 4. Problem Soultion 1. Over view Campbell soup company /2006 Revenue: $7,343million Operation profit: $1151 million Headquater: Camden, New Jersey Emloyees: 23000 people Market share: about 80% Vision: â€Å"Together we will build the world’s most extraordinary foodRead MoreHistory Of Agency / Organization : Life Time Fitness1366 Words   |  6 Pagesengagement manager and personal training department head to ensure a well-managed facility and motivated work force. The Woodlands Life Time Fitness center offers a wide variety of amenities, services, activities and events: Fitness equipment and facilities help members maintain a healthy lifestyle, lose weight or train for athletic competitions. Personal trainers are available, roughly 25 personal trainers are employed within each current Life Time Fitness center. Fitness Classes andRead MoreFord Motor Company and Penske Logistics Case Study1265 Words   |  6 Pagesaccountability procedures for real time visibility of delivery status and routing schedules for the supply chain procedures. For financial visibility, they created a new freight billing system to capture logistics costs. In addition to all of this problems and solutions, Penske wants to be the leader provider of logistics management to Ford Motor Company to be well known out there in the business and to create long lasting alliances for their future benefit. Ford is an enormous company that owns

Monday, December 9, 2019

Implementation of RFID Technology-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of RFID technology by the US Company. Answer: Introduction RFID is an acronym that stands for radio-frequency identification (Kesh, 2017). The acronym refers to an electronic device that contains an antenna and a small chip. The chip has the capability of carrying around 2,000 bytes of data. It is a technology where the digital data is encoded in RFID tags and are captured through the radio waves by a reader. This technology is nearly same as that of the bar coding where the data is captured from a label that stores data in any database. RFID is more popular than that of the bar codes because of its advantages over the systems that use the bar code tracking software. The most significant factor of RFID is that the data can be read outside the line-of-sight where the bar codes have alignment with the optical scanner (Tucker, Darcy Stantic, 2014). The different types of RFIDs are the active, passive and bap RFID. The active RFID systems have tags where it has its own transmitter and power source. Active tags for the transmission of the information that are stored in the microchips broadcast the signals (Leavitt et al., 2017). Two types of active tags are beacons are transponders. The transponders respond when it receives a radio signal from the reader and sends a signal back. Passive RFID systems operate in the low frequency, ultra-high frequency as well as in the high frequency radio bands (Hsu Huang, 2013). The range of passive RFID system is limited because of the backscatter of the tag where the radio signal is reflected to the reader from the tag. It only requires a tag chip, an antenna, and no transmitter. Passive RFIDs are mounted on substrates and sandwiched between a paper level and adhesive layer. BAP or Battery Assisted Passive systems help in incorporation of the crucial active tag features. BAP tags make use of the integrated power supply to bring power on the chip. The captured energy taken from the reader is used as backscatter. BAP tags do not contain own transmitters. Business/Technical problems There are tracking problems regarding assets that are solved by RFID technology (Holy, Bilek Voparil, 2014). A sophisticated technology helps in tracking assets effectively by mitigating any form of risks. The technology helps in attaching the RFID tags by storing information electronically in the small microchips. The problems and their solutions have been discussed below. There is a problem when an asset is not found in the warehouse and RFID technology gives a solution. The equipments are not stored in the correct manner and timeliness becomes very critical. These problems are solved by active as well as passive RFID. There are batteries in the active RFID tags that work all the time. Ultra-wide band RFID tags help in the location of the assets in the warehouse on the basis of the signals from many readers (Bisio, Sciarrone Zappatore, 2016). Many companies are having multiple warehouses. RFID helps in finding out the assets from the warehouses (Roper, Sedehi Ashuri, 2015). This system in conjunction with the global positioning system tags, Wi-Fi RFID tags and satellite GPS tags are used in the outdoors to know the building where the asset is in. Proper application of the RFID technology helps in the delivery of the assets on time. There are problems with bar codes and QR codes that are solved by RFID codes. Barcodes readers are required a direct line of sight for the printed barcode whereas the readers for RFID do not requires a direct line of sight (Singh Mahajan, 2017). The readers of RFID are able to are able to interrogate and read the RFID tags faster than the barcodes. Another problem with the barcode is that the range is very less for reading and this problem is mitigated by RFID, which can read at long distances. Another problem with the barcode is that it has no reading or writing capability. RFID readers are able to communicate freely using the codes and tags. QR codes on the other hand, lack the automation ability for the purpose of proximity scanning. The line of sight is another drawback of QR codes that are solved by RFID codes. Limitations There are certain limitations of RFID technology that have been discussed below. Many scientists are working hard to mitigate the issues regarding RFID. Standardization There has been a limitation regarding the standardization of the RFID code. The Auto-ID center along with the Uniform Code Council and EAN International is trying to set some standardized electronic product code but it has not yet been standardized. The solution can be setting up a standard regarding the RFID code at the earliest that can be abide by every organization. Physical The physical limitation includes reading through the metals and liquids. This poses a serious challenge for the users of this technology. Killer tags, Sleeping tags and Faraday Cage are the solutions of the physical security problems of RFID codes. Cost The cost of the RFID tags relies on their types. The prices of the active as well as the passive RFID tags acts as hindrances that allows the economic application for scanning high-value goods for long ranges. QR codes are cheaper than the RFID codes and can be used in many cases. Collision This is another important limitation to be considered in case of RFID technology. In an attempt to read, multiple tags at the same time may lead to signal collision and data loss at the end. Anti-collision algorithms are used for the prevention of all these art extra costs. The solution can be that the RFID code should be programmed in such a way that the given tag should be read only once in every session. Frequency There are problems with RFID regarding frequency. Radar malfunctioning is an important factor to be considered in this case. This cannot be avoided completely and alternative measures cannot be taken when required. Adverse environmental conditions as well as improper placement may lead to corrupt reading. There are certain cases like absorption and external signal sources such as security systems, barcode scanners and cordless phones have the chances of introduction of reading errors. The solution for this should be to audit the frequency spectrums that have been used by the devices within the environment of deployment. Review of the performances of the RFID components and the RFID systems helps in mitigating the problem. Other limitations are that it is very difficult to understand the technology and can be less reliable at times. The tags are specific to the applications and there are no tags that fit all. There is a chance that more than one tag may respond at the same time and it will be a problem. The tags of RFID are larger than the labels of barcodes. The active tags are very expensive in comparison to the passive tags. Evaluation GAP used the RFID platform effectively. There were item-level RFID trials in the company. There was problem initially with the RFID as it was unable to deliver 100 percent read rate on clothing items. Two interrogator antennas were installed along with the other ones. They were able to achieve the necessary level of reading accuracy. The inventory accuracy level of the US company was able to achieve 99.6 percent. It helped in increasing the sales of the company and improving the in-store inventory. Assessment RFID has changed the retail landscape and brought radical changes. It helps in tacking the high-end products for the accurate inventory level. Beacon technology helps in the efforts of in-store digital marketing (Hofacker et al., 2016). It also provides assistance in assessing the effectiveness of displays, layout of the stores and endcaps in real-time. RFID also gives the intelligence required for the effective management of the inventory. RFID also helped the banking sector to succeed in various ways like applications in the cheques between the banks, customer relationship management, money transferring system, tracking and tracing, and reduction of manual operation, contactless smartcards, phone banking, security establishment and identification of people. The data are stored in the RFID tags that are attached with the Smart cards of the customers. The data can be read easily using the radio signals. RFID has helped the hospitality industry by improving the operational efficiencies and enhancing the guest experiences of an organization (Cobos et al., 2016). RFID helps in tracking many items with accuracy in unlimited ways. Conclusion The report has inferred about the RFID technology that is very popular in organizations irrespective of any industry. It has discussed about the working principle of RFID technology in depth that gives an insight into how the different parts like active, passive and BAP works. Some of the technical and business problems have been taken into account and their solutions have been stated. The implementation of RFID technology by the US company, GAP helps us to know about how the company has been successful in its inventory management using the technology. The success factors of the retail, hospitality and the banking industries because of the implementation of RFID technology have been taken into account in the report. This report put forward the advantages and the necessity of RFID technology and the areas that need to be addressed to make the technology more user-friendly. References Bisio, I., Sciarrone, A., Zappatore, S. (2016). A new asset tracking architecture integrating RFID, Bluetooth Low Energy tags and ad hoc smartphone applications.Pervasive and Mobile Computing,31, 79-93. Cobos, L. M., Mejia, C., Ozturk, A. B., Wang, Y. (2016). A technology adoption and implementation process in an independent hotel chain.International Journal of Hospitality Management,57, 93-105. Hofacker, C. F., De Ruyter, K., Lurie, N. H., Manchanda, P., Donaldson, J. (2016). Gamification and mobile marketing effectiveness.Journal of Interactive Marketing,34, 25-36. Holy, R., Bilek, P., Voparil, L. (2014). Electronic inventory in the university environment and automation using RFID technology. InIntelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Hsu, H. T., Huang, T. J. (2013). A koch-shaped log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna for universal ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) handheld reader.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,61(9), 4852-4856. Kesh, S. (2017). Shopping By Blind People: Detection of Interactions in Ambient Assisted Living Environments using RFID.International Journal,6(2). Leavitt, M., Warner, M., Rea, D., Patel, K., Wen, Y. (2017).U.S. Patent No. 9,534,738. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Roper, K. O., Sedehi, A., Ashuri, B. (2015). A cost-benefit case for RFID implementation in hospitals: adapting to industry reform.Facilities,33(5/6), 367-388. Singh, M. N. K., Mahajan, P. (2017). Application of RFID technology in libraries.Modern Technologies for Reshaping Libraries in the Digital Era, 70. Tucker, S., Darcy, P., Stantic, B. (2014). A comparative study of RFID technology measuring efficiency and acceptance when capturing attendance. InProceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Australasian Computer Science Conference-Volume 147(pp. 75-79). Australian Computer Society, Inc..

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Princess Diana Essays (305 words) - House Of Windsor,

Princess Diana Princess Diana was an exceptional leader. Diana worked as a kindergarten teacher in London until her engagement to Prince Charles was announced in February of 1981. She wed Prince Charles in an internationally televised ceremony on July 29, 1981. Almost immediately, "Shy Di" as she was initially called by the press, blossomed into the "people's Princess". Princess Diana contributed to society in so many ways; she would always go the extra mile to help people in need. While she became the president or patron for over 100 charities, there were many more that she raised funds and campaigned for. Diana was the busiest of the royal family. She was not just fulfilling a schedule or participating just for the adulation; she was a person of compassion expressing a genuine love for people. Princess Diana was spontaneous in ways, happily turning away from royal protocol to kiss a child in a crowd or writing letters to individuals of the public and signing them "love, Diana". Her leadership was truly remarkable because she made every effort to reach out to those that not everyone wanted to reach out to. Princess Diana could always be found walking with, hugging, really listening to those people in situations that some might help from a distance such as the sick, the elderly, those with aids, the homeless, the battered, the drug-addicted, people maimed by land mines. Princess Diana led the royal family out of a period of rapidly declining support from the people. Since her death, the royal family continues to make efforts in maintain the closeness with the people that the Princess had formed. They have learned much about leadership from the Princess and it is a legacy to her that the royal family practices what they have learned. In recognition of all her charity work, representatives of the charities with which Princess Diana had worked were asked to walk behind her coffin with her family the day of her funeral.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Thin Lenses Lab Report Essay Example

Thin Lenses Lab Report Essay Example Thin Lenses Lab Report Paper Thin Lenses Lab Report Paper As reaction is reversible, removal of water or the addition of an excess of one of the reactants (cheaper one) drives the reaction towards formation of ester. Excess carboxylic acid is used) Adding excess arbitrarily acid is preferred as it is easier to separate carboxylic acid and ester compared to removing water t] solvent used is (Chocoholic), as water is insoluble in the solvent, so reverse reaction will not take place D using concentrated acid as catalyst rather than aqueous drives equilibrium to the right Reactivity of alcohol: COUCH > primary > secondary > tertiary > phenol In the reaction, no anion can exist, as it is in acidic condition, or acid will react Why dilute the reaction mixture after refluxing? When it is diluted, the ester will be depredation anion and thus enervative as electrophoresis Why sodium bicarbonate is added? To remove excess carboxylic acid and sulfuric acid in mixture Why add brine? Brine is added to remove any water in the mixture as the by product Anhydrous sodium sulfate is added to dry the ester For IR spectrum: C] 1740. CACM-1 (C=O strong absorption shows there is an ester) 0 3500-3100 cam-1 (lack of broad O-H peak shows substance is not alcohol)

Saturday, November 23, 2019

How Itching Works and Why Scratching an Itch Feels Good

How Itching Works and Why Scratching an Itch Feels Good Humans and other animals itch for a variety of reasons. Scientists believe the underlying purpose of the annoying sensation (called pruritus) is so we can remove parasites and irritants and protect our skin. However, other things can lead to itching, including drugs, diseases, and even a psychosomatic response. How Itching Works While drugs and disease typically stimulate itching because of a chemical response, most of the time the sensation is a result of skin irritation. Whether the irritation starts from dry skin, a parasite, an insect bite, or chemical exposure, the itch-sensing nerve fibers (called pruriceptors) become activated. Chemicals that activate the fibers may be histamine from inflammation, opioids, endorphins, or the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and serotonin. These nerve cells are a special type of C-fiber, structurally like the C-fibers that transmit pain, except they send a different signal. Only about 5% of C-fibers are pruriceptors. When stimulated, pruriceptor neurons fire a signal to the spinal cord and the brain, which stimulates a rubbing or scratching reflex. In contrast, the response to the signal from pain receptors is an avoidance reflex. Scratching or rubbing an itch stops the signal by stimulating pain receptors and touch receptors in the same region. Drugs and Diseases That Make You Itch Since the nerve fibers for itching are in the skin, it makes sense most itching starts there. Psoriasis, shingles, ringworm, and chicken pox are conditions or infections that affect the skin. However, some drugs and illnesses can cause itching without underlying skin irritation. The antimalarial drug chloroquine is known to cause severe itching as a common side effect. Morphine is another drug known to cause itching. Chronic itching can result from multiple sclerosis, certain cancers, and liver disease. The ingredient that makes peppers hot, capsaicin, can cause itching as well as pain. Why Scratching an Itch Feels Good (But Isnt) The most satisfying relief for an itch is to scratch it. When you scratch, neurons fire pain signals to your brain, which temporarily overrides the itching sensation. The feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin is released to provide relief from the pain. Essentially, your brain rewards you for scratching. However, a study conducted at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis indicates scratching ultimately intensifies the itch because serotonin binds 5HT1A receptors in the spinal cord that activate GRPR neurons that stimulate more itchiness. Blocking serotonin isnt a good solution for people suffering chronic itching because the molecule is also responsible for growth, bone metabolism, and other key processes. How to Stop Itching So, scratching an itch, while pleasurable, is not a good way to stop itching. Getting relief depends on the cause of the pruritis. If the issue is skin irritation, it may help to cleanse the area with a gentle soap and apply an unscented lotion. If inflammation is present, an antihistamine (e.g., Benadryl), calamine, or hydrocortisone may help. Most pain relievers dont diminish itchiness, but opioid antagonists  offer relief to some people. Another option is to expose skin to sunlight or ultraviolet light (UV) therapy, apply a cold pack, or apply a few electrical zaps. If itching persists, its a good idea to see a doctor to check for underlying medical conditions or itching in response to a drug. If you absolutely cant resist the urge to scratch, try rubbing the area rather than scratching it. If all else fails, a German study indicates you can lessen itching by looking into a mirror and scratching the corresponding non-itching body part. Itching Is Contagious Are you getting itchy reading this article? If so, its a completely normal reaction. Itching, like yawning, is contagious. Doctors who treat itchy patients often find themselves scratching as well. Writing about itching leads to itchiness (trust me on this). Researchers have found people attending lectures on itching scratch themselves a lot more often than if they were learning about a different topic. There may be an evolutionary advantage to scratching when you see another person or animal do it. Its likely a good indicator you might want to check for biting insects, parasites, or irritating plants.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Suit Sales and Production in UK Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Suit Sales and Production in UK - Research Paper Example The store must there take advantage of the consumers who prefer luxurious good or even take advantage of a decline in the price of its goods in order to increase demand for its products in order to increase sales and therefore increase profits. Twenty consumers were interviewed in order to find out what level of price they were willing to pay for a suit, the respondents were men and each respondent was interviewed for the purpose of collecting data, after randomly selecting a sample of 20 individuals who were to volunteer for the study it was found out that the mean price for the suits that the consumers were willing to pay was lower than the prevailing market prices. Suit sales involves the purchase of these product at wholesale prices and then reselling them at a profit, the level of sales will depend on the prices attached to the product, however this will depend on the consumers preferences, some consumers may prefer high priced good because they have the assumption that the high price is a sign of quality. We will assume that we produce for the medium class individuals who are the majority in the market, using this assumption we will then assume that the store will only sell men suits whose study is accompanied in this paper, through the consideration of all the costs involved in sales we will be in a position to determine expected sales levels and also profits. Methods: This study involves two methods of collecting data. The first form of data collected was to collect the consumer's willingness to pay which involved a random sample of twenty who were involved in a face to face interview. The interview involved the collection of data aimed at determining the consumers willingness to pay, also it contained finding out how frequently consumers purchase suits. All the respondents were to be men due to our first assumption and this sample was collected randomly. The second study was to determine the price level of existing companies in the market, due to time constraints and financial constraints the best method for collecting this data was to be online, data on the prices of these suits was done through the official websites Top shop, Burton, Marks Spencer, Austin reed store, Armani and Hugo Boss. The choice of stores was in such a way that the study considered the various what segment the stores targeted depending on the income group, low pricing stores include top shop and Burton, medium priced stores include Marks Spencer and Austin reed store and finally the high pricing stores include Armani and Hugo Boss. Results: From the sample of twenty data was collected and the willingness to pay of these consumers was determined, there were variations in the data collected depending on the consumers preferences and economic class, the data collected is summarised in the table below: F X FX frequency class mid point price range class 0 to 100 2 50 100 101 to 200 14 150 2100 201 to 300 3 250 750 300 to 401 1 350 350 total 20 3300 mean 165 From the twenty respondents only 2 people agreed that they would pay 0 to 100 pounds for a suit, 14 agreed that they were willing to pay 101 to 201 pounds for the same suit and 3 respondents stated that they would pay 201 to 300 pounds and finally only one respondent agreed that he was willing to pay 0ver 301 pound for a suit. The data was grouped data and after analysing the data the mean price